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1.
以Ti3AlC2为原料,采用HF刻蚀工艺制备出12种Ti3C2纳米层状材料,对其形貌进行了表征,并考察了以其作为光催化剂对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的处理效果。实验结果表明:HF体积分数为80%、刻蚀时间为48 h时得到的MX-80-48的形貌较好;MX-80-48具有类似石墨烯的二维层状结构,纳米层厚度约20~50 nm,孔径2~10 nm,比表面积14.8 m2/g,在400~700 nm可见光范围内表现出强烈的吸光性;当Cr(Ⅵ)的初始质量浓度为40.00 mg/L、MX-80-48投加量为200 mg/L、pH=2、反应时间4 h(暗反应1 h+光照3 h)时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可达100%。 相似文献
2.
What matters for work engagement? A diary study on resources and the benefits of selective optimization with compensation for state work engagement 下载免费PDF全文
This diary study addresses the benefits of employees' daily use of selective optimization with compensation (SOC) for state work engagement. We hypothesized that day‐level SOC not only directly fosters work engagement but that SOC also reveals its beneficial effects for work engagement in interaction with both external and internal resources. Specifically, we proposed SOC substitutes for job control, role clarity, and state of being recovered, thus helping employees manage low daily levels of these resources. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 138 employees who completed two daily surveys over a total of 545 workdays. Results of multilevel analyses revealed that SOC benefits work engagement in both proposed ways. First, day‐level SOC was positively related to state work engagement. Additionally, day‐level role clarity and state of being recovered predicted state work engagement, but day‐level job control did not. Second, SOC benefitted state work engagement by offsetting low levels of role clarity and being recovered, and by boosting job control in their respective relationships with work engagement. The results suggest that by using SOC at work, employees can actively enhance their own work engagement on a given workday. This knowledge provides promising starting points for the development of interventions. 相似文献
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A new approach to Assess Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition by Way of Standardized Exposition of mosses
A standardized method of moss exposition for assessing variations in nitrogen deposition was tested in the western part of
Germany. Six pleurocarpous moss species were transplanted to two sites differing in their deposition rates but being comparable
as to their climatic conditions. The mosses were exposed in standardized containers over a period of 12 months; the focus
of interest was the effect of N deposition on nitrogen content and on 15N natural abundance (δ15N-values). Within the first nine months only trends could be observed. However, after one year all species tested showed significantly
higher N concentrations at the highly polluted site. Besides, more negative δ15N-values possibly reflecting the higher ammonium input were detected at this site. Surprisingly, most of the plants though
being kept in plastic containers without a favourable substratum did not show any conspicuous deficiency symptoms. The potential
advantages of a standardized moss exposition for N monitoring purposes are discussed. It is concluded that the method presented
here can yield significant results in particular if the number of testing sites is increased. 相似文献
5.
湖北省2008年初低温雨雪冰冻过程气候特征分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2008年初,湖北省出现了严重的低温雨雪冰冻灾害,直接经济损失高达110亿元以上,有必要对灾害期间的气候特征进行系统、科学的分析和总结。对湖北省76个气象站2008年1月12日~2月3日气温、降水(雪)、日照以及低温持续日数等要素进行时空间差异分析及历史与同期比较,并选取10个代表站历史上所有低温雨雪天气过程,对其过程持续低温日数、最长连续雨雪日数、过程极端低温进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)此次过程的平均气温异常偏低,该省大部为-1~-2℃,比常年同期偏低4~6℃,为各站历史同期最低,其中主要是最高气温异常偏低所致,但极端低温并不低;(2)降雪过程频繁,雨雪量异常偏多;(3)低温冰冻持续时间长,该省大部在16~22 d,位于历史第一;(4)日照异常偏少。持续而稳定的大气环流异常形势是湖北省大范围低温雨雪天气的直接原因。 相似文献
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7.
Effects of bed materials on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating domestic sewage 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The objective of this study was to determine the best performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) based on the use of four different bed materials as support for biomass immobilization. The bed materials utilized were polyurethane foam (PU), vegetal carbon (VC), synthetic pumice (SP), and recycled low-density polyethylene (PE). The AnSBBR, with a total volume of 7.2L, was operated in 8-h batch cycles over 10 months, and fed with domestic sewage with an average influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 358+/-110mg/L. The average effluent COD values were 121+/-31, 208+/-54, 233+/-52, and 227+/-51mg/L, for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. A modified first-order kinetic model was adjusted to temporal profiles of COD during a batch cycle, and the apparent kinetic constants were 0.52+/-0.05, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.80+/-0.04, and 0.30+/-0.02h(-1) for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. Specific substrate utilization rates of 1.08, 0.11, and 0.86mg COD/mgVS day were obtained for PU, VC, and PE, respectively. Although SP yielded the highest kinetic coefficient, PU was considered the best support, since SP presented loss of chemical constituents during the reactor's operational phase. In addition, findings on the microbial community were associated with the reactor's performance data. Although PE did not show a satisfactory performance, an interesting microbial diversity was found on its surface. Based on the morphology and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results, PE showed the best capacity for promoting the attachment of methanogenic organisms, and is therefore a material that merits further analysis. PU was considered the most suitable material showing the best performance in terms of efficiency of solids and COD removal. 相似文献
8.
Sofia A. Kyriakeas Mary C. Watzin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(2):425-441
Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams adjacent to cornfields, streams where cows had unrestricted access, and reference locations without agriculture were compared to examine the effects of local land use and land use/land cover in the watershed. At each local site, macroinvertebrates and a variety of habitat parameters were measured upstream, adjacent, downstream, and farther downstream of the local land use. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to calculate drainage basin area, land use/land cover percentages in each basin, and the distance from sample sites to the stream source. Three‐way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests with date, site type, and sampling location as main effects were used to explore differences in macroinvertebrate metrics using median substrate size, percent hay/pasture area, and stream depth as covariates. The covariates significantly improved model fit and showed that multiple contributing factors influence community composition. Local impacts were greatest at sites where cows had access, probably because of sedimentation and embeddedness in the substrate. Differences between the upstream and the adjacent and downstream locations were not as great as expected, perhaps because upstream recolonization was reduced by agricultural impacts or because of differences in the intensity or proximity of agriculture to riparian areas in the watershed. The results underscore the importance of both local and watershed factors in controlling stream community composition. 相似文献
9.
为了更好地发挥产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合系统在废水厌氧发酵生产乙酸方面的优势,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法以获得该系统产酸的优化条件.利用经过加热处理并活化的厌氧污泥作种泥,以模拟废水中的葡萄糖为底物,针对发酵时间、底物浓度、种泥浓度、初始pH进行4因素10水平均匀设计实验,得到了乙酸生产指标与产酸条件之间关系的回归方程;也得到了以高乙酸产量为主要目标导向同时兼顾高乙酸产率和高乙酸生产强度目标的优化条件;优化条件实验乙酸浓度比均匀设计中最高乙酸浓度提高20%左右.研究表明,将均匀设计应用于废水产氢产酸/同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化,可以避免盲目性,迅速获得满意结果. 相似文献
10.